作者:Sinchard
来源:python中文社区
大家好,我是小z
之前给大家写过几篇关于Pandas批量操作Excel的实战内容,反响不错。今天再分享一波用openpyxl操作Excel的文章。
各种数据需要导入Excel?多个Excel要合并?目前,Python处理Excel文件有很多库,openpyxl算是其中功能和性能做的比较好的一个。接下来我将为大家介绍各种Excel操作。
打开Excel文件
新建一个Excel文件
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3>>> from openpyxl import Workbook >>> wb = Workbook()
打开现有Excel文件
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3>>> from openpyxl import load_workbook >>> wb2 = load_workbook('test.xlsx')
打开大文件时,根据需求使用只读或只写模式减少内存消耗。
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4wb = load_workbook(filename='large_file.xlsx', read_only=True) wb = Workbook(write_only=True)
获取、创建工作表
获取当前活动工作表:
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2>>> ws = wb.active
创建新的工作表:
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6>>> ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") # insert at the end (default) # or >>> ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0) # insert at first position # or >>> ws3 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", -1) # insert at the penultimate position
使用工作表名字获取工作表:
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2>>> ws3 = wb["New Title"]
获取所有的工作表名称:
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7>>> print(wb.sheetnames) ['Sheet2', 'New Title', 'Sheet1'] 使用for循环遍历所有的工作表: >>> for sheet in wb: ... print(sheet.title)
保存
保存到流中在网络中使用:
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17>>> from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile >>> from openpyxl import Workbook >>> wb = Workbook() >>> with NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp: wb.save(tmp.name) tmp.seek(0) stream = tmp.read() 保存到文件: >>> wb = Workbook() >>> wb.save('balances.xlsx') 保存为模板: >>> wb = load_workbook('document.xlsx') >>> wb.template = True >>> wb.save('document_template.xltx')
单元格
单元格位置作为工作表的键直接读取:
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2>>> c = ws['A4']
为单元格赋值:
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3>>> ws['A4'] = 4 >>> c.value = 'hello, world'
多个单元格 可以使用切片访问单元格区域:
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2>>> cell_range = ws['A1':'C2']
使用数值格式:
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6>>> # set date using a Python datetime >>> ws['A1'] = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21) >>> >>> ws['A1'].number_format 'yyyy-mm-dd h:mm:ss'
使用公式:
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3>>> # add a simple formula >>> ws["A1"] = "=SUM(1, 1)"
合并单元格时,除左上角单元格外,所有单元格都将从工作表中删除:
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7>>> ws.merge_cells('A2:D2') >>> ws.unmerge_cells('A2:D2') >>> >>> # or equivalently >>> ws.merge_cells(start_row=2, start_column=1, end_row=4, end_column=4) >>> ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=2, start_column=1, end_row=4, end_column=4)
行、列
可以单独指定行、列、或者行列的范围:
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5>>> colC = ws['C'] >>> col_range = ws['C:D'] >>> row10 = ws[10] >>> row_range = ws[5:10]
可以使用Worksheet.iter_rows()
方法遍历行:
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10>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2): ... for cell in row: ... print(cell) <Cell Sheet1.A1> <Cell Sheet1.B1> <Cell Sheet1.C1> <Cell Sheet1.A2> <Cell Sheet1.B2> <Cell Sheet1.C2>
同样的Worksheet.iter_cols()
方法将遍历列:
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10>>> for col in ws.iter_cols(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2): ... for cell in col: ... print(cell) <Cell Sheet1.A1> <Cell Sheet1.A2> <Cell Sheet1.B1> <Cell Sheet1.B2> <Cell Sheet1.C1> <Cell Sheet1.C2>
遍历文件的所有行或列,可以使用Worksheet.rows
属性:
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13>>> ws = wb.active >>> ws['C9'] = 'hello world' >>> tuple(ws.rows) ((<Cell Sheet.A1>, <Cell Sheet.B1>, <Cell Sheet.C1>), (<Cell Sheet.A2>, <Cell Sheet.B2>, <Cell Sheet.C2>), (<Cell Sheet.A3>, <Cell Sheet.B3>, <Cell Sheet.C3>), (<Cell Sheet.A4>, <Cell Sheet.B4>, <Cell Sheet.C4>), (<Cell Sheet.A5>, <Cell Sheet.B5>, <Cell Sheet.C5>), (<Cell Sheet.A6>, <Cell Sheet.B6>, <Cell Sheet.C6>), (<Cell Sheet.A7>, <Cell Sheet.B7>, <Cell Sheet.C7>), (<Cell Sheet.A8>, <Cell Sheet.B8>, <Cell Sheet.C8>), (<Cell Sheet.A9>, <Cell Sheet.B9>, <Cell Sheet.C9>))
或Worksheet.columns
属性:
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21>>> tuple(ws.columns) ((<Cell Sheet.A1>, <Cell Sheet.A2>, <Cell Sheet.A3>, <Cell Sheet.A4>, <Cell Sheet.A5>, <Cell Sheet.A6>, ... <Cell Sheet.B7>, <Cell Sheet.B8>, <Cell Sheet.B9>), (<Cell Sheet.C1>, <Cell Sheet.C2>, <Cell Sheet.C3>, <Cell Sheet.C4>, <Cell Sheet.C5>, <Cell Sheet.C6>, <Cell Sheet.C7>, <Cell Sheet.C8>, <Cell Sheet.C9>))
使用Worksheet.append()
或者迭代使用Worksheet.cell()
新增一行数据:
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7>>> for row in range(1, 40): ... ws1.append(range(600)) >>> for row in range(10, 20): ... for col in range(27, 54): ... _ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=row, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))
插入操作比较麻烦。可以使用Worksheet.insert_rows()
插入一行或几行:
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6>>> from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter >>> ws.insert_rows(7) >>> row7 = ws[7] >>> for col in range(27, 54): ... _ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=7, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))
Worksheet.insert_cols()
操作类似。Worksheet.delete_rows()
和Worksheet.delete_cols()
用来批量删除行和列。
只读取值
使用Worksheet.values
属性遍历工作表中的所有行,但只返回单元格值:
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4for row in ws.values: for value in row: print(value)
Worksheet.iter_rows()
和Worksheet.iter_cols()
可以设置values_only
参数来仅返回单元格的值:
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5>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2, values_only=True): ... print(row) (None, None, None) (None, None, None)
作者:Sinchard,主攻Python库文档翻译,开发代码片段,源码分析
Blog:zhihu.com/people/aiApple
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