深入浅出java线程池

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public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                          int maximumPoolSize,
                          long keepAliveTime,
                          TimeUnit unit,
                          BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                          ThreadFactory threadFactory,
                          RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
    if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
        maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
        maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
        keepAliveTime < 0)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
        throw new NullPointerException();
    this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
    this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
    this.workQueue = workQueue;
    this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
    this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
    this.handler = handler;
}

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/**
 * @throws RejectedExecutionException {@inheritDoc}
 * @throws NullPointerException       {@inheritDoc}
 */
public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
    if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
    RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task);
    execute(ftask);
    return ftask;
}

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/** Thread this worker is running in.  Null if factory fails. */
final Thread thread;
/** Initial task to run.  Possibly null. */
Runnable firstTask;
/** Per-thread task counter */
volatile long completedTasks;

/**
 * Creates with given first task and thread from ThreadFactory.
 * @param firstTask the first task (null if none)
 */
Worker(Runnable firstTask) {
    setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorker
    this.firstTask = firstTask;
    this.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);
}

/** Delegates main run loop to outer runWorker  */
public void run() {
    runWorker(this);
}

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int c = ctl.get();
if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
    if (addWorker(command, true))
        return;
    c = ctl.get();
}
if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
    int recheck = ctl.get();
    if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
        reject(command);
    else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
        addWorker(null, false);
}
else if (!addWorker(command, false))
    reject(command);

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workQueue.offer(command)

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private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
    retry:
    for (;;) {
        int c = ctl.get();
        int rs = runStateOf(c);

        // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
        if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
            ! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
               firstTask == null &&
               ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
            return false;

        for (;;) {
            int wc = workerCountOf(c);
            if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
                wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
                return false;
            if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
                break retry;
            c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
            if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                continue retry;
            // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
        }
    }

    boolean workerStarted = false;
    boolean workerAdded = false;
    Worker w = null;
    try {
        w = new Worker(firstTask);
        final Thread t = w.thread;
        if (t != null) {
            final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
            mainLock.lock();
            try {
                // Recheck while holding lock.
                // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
                // shut down before lock acquired.
                int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());

                if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
                    (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
                    if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
                        throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
                    workers.add(w);
                    int s = workers.size();
                    if (s > largestPoolSize)
                        largestPoolSize = s;
                    workerAdded = true;
                }
            } finally {
                mainLock.unlock();
            }
            if (workerAdded) {
                t.start();
                workerStarted = true;
            }
        }
    } finally {
        if (! workerStarted)
            addWorkerFailed(w);
    }
    return workerStarted;
}

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final void runWorker(Worker w) {
    Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
    Runnable task = w.firstTask;
    w.firstTask = null;
    w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
    boolean completedAbruptly = true;
    try {
        while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
            w.lock();
            // If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
            // if not, ensure thread is not interrupted.  This
            // requires a recheck in second case to deal with
            // shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
            if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
                 (Thread.interrupted() &&
                  runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
                !wt.isInterrupted())
                wt.interrupt();
            try {
                beforeExecute(wt, task);
                Throwable thrown = null;
                try {
                    task.run();
                } catch (RuntimeException x) {
                    thrown = x; throw x;
                } catch (Error x) {
                    thrown = x; throw x;
                } catch (Throwable x) {
                    thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
                } finally {
                    afterExecute(task, thrown);
                }
            } finally {
                task = null;
                w.completedTasks++;
                w.unlock();
            }
        }
        completedAbruptly = false;
    } finally {
        processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
    }
}

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private Runnable getTask() {
    boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?

    for (;;) {
        int c = ctl.get();
        int rs = runStateOf(c);

        // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
        if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
            decrementWorkerCount();
            return null;
        }

        int wc = workerCountOf(c);

        // Are workers subject to culling?
        boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;

        if ((wc > maximumPoolSize || (timed && timedOut))
            && (wc > 1 || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
            if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
                return null;
            continue;
        }

        try {
            Runnable r = timed ?
                workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
                workQueue.take();
            if (r != null)
                return r;
            timedOut = true;
        } catch (InterruptedException retry) {
            timedOut = false;
        }
    }
}

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private void processWorkerExit(Worker w, boolean completedAbruptly) {
        // 正常的话再runWorker的getTask方法workerCount已经被减一了
        if (completedAbruptly)
            decrementWorkerCount();
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            // 累加线程的completedTasks
            completedTaskCount += w.completedTasks;
            // 从线程池中移除超时或者出现异常的线程
            workers.remove(w);
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
        // 尝试停止线程池
        tryTerminate();
        int c = ctl.get();
        // runState为RUNNING或SHUTDOWN
        if (runStateLessThan(c, STOP)) {
            // 线程不是异常结束
            if (!completedAbruptly) {
                // 线程池最小空闲数，允许core thread超时就是0，否则就是corePoolSize
                int min = allowCoreThreadTimeOut ? 0 : corePoolSize;
                // 如果min == 0但是队列不为空要保证有1个线程来执行队列中的任务
                if (min == 0 && !workQueue.isEmpty())
                    min = 1;
                // 线程池还不为空那就不用担心了
                if (workerCountOf(c) >= min)
                    return; // replacement not needed
            }
            // 1.线程异常退出
            // 2.线程池为空，但是队列中还有任务没执行，看addWoker方法对这种情况的处理
            addWorker(null, false);
        }
    }

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当前线程数大于核心线程数时，会使用poll()从队列中获取任务，这不是阻塞方法，有最大等待时长。

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所以呢，allowCoreThreadTimeOut在线程池的某些构造函数中是默认为false，因为一旦设置为true，核心线程就失去了本来的节省创建线程开销的意义

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public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                  0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                  new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}

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public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
    return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
        (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}

static class FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
        extends DelegatedExecutorService {
        FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService(ExecutorService executor) {
            super(executor);
        }
        protected void finalize() {
            super.shutdown();
        }
}

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public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                  60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                  new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}

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public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
    return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
}

public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
    //super对应的是ThreadPoolExecutor
    super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,new DelayedWorkQueue());
}

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public class MyRejectHandler implements RejectedExecutionHandler {

    public AtomicInteger rejectCount = new AtomicInteger(0);

    @Override
    public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
        rejectCount.addAndGet(1);
        throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() +
                " rejected from " +
                executor.toString());
    }
}

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MyRejectHandler rejectHandler = new MyRejectHandler();
ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 5, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
        new ArrayBlockingQueue <Runnable>(10), rejectHandler);
System.out.println("核心线程数：" + poolExecutor.getCorePoolSize() +
        "拒绝任务数量" + rejectHandler.rejectCount.get()+
"队列任务数"+poolExecutor.getQueue().size());

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boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);

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boolean isCancelled();

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boolean isDone();

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V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;

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V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
    throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;

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//提交一个Callable类型的任务
Future<V> submit(Callable<V> task);
//提交一个Runnable类型的任务，并指定一个返回结果result
Future<V> submit(Runnable task, V result); 

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//阻塞的方式获取执行结果，若一直没有任务结果返回，则一直阻塞
Future<V> take() throws InterruptedException;

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//获取completionQueue中的结果，如结果为空则返回null
Future<V> poll();
//等待指定时间的方式获取completionQueue中的结果，如超过指定时间则返回null
Future<V> poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException;

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@Test
public void name() throws InterruptedException {
    CompletableFuture<Integer> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()->{
        System.out.println("开始：" + System.currentTimeMillis());
        sleep(5);
        System.out.println("结束：" + System.currentTimeMillis());
        return 1;
    }).whenComplete((p,e) -> {
        System.out.println("完成后任务开始：" + System.currentTimeMillis());
        System.out.println("任务结果：" + p +"任务异常：" + e);
    });
    Thread.currentThread().join();
}

private void sleep(long seconds) {
    try {
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(seconds);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}