C++实验6——继承与派生

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/*实验6.1 定义一个基类Animal，有私有整型成员变量age，构造其派生类dog，
在其成员函数SetAge(int n)中直接给age赋值，看看会有什么问题，把age改为公有成员变量，还会有问题吗？编程试试看。*/

/*age设为私有，会报错“Animal::age”: 无法访问 private 成员(在“Animal”类中声明)和
成员 "Animal::age" (已声明 所在行数: 6) 不可访问*/

/*#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Animal{
	int age;//不加访问类型，默认为私有
};
class dog:public Animal{
	public:
		void SetAge(int n){
			age=n;
		}
};
int main(){
	dog d;
	d.SetAge(5);
	return 0;
}*/

//设为公有，三种继承方式都不会报错 
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Animal {
public:
	int age;
};
/*class dog:private Animal{
	public:
		void SetAge(int n){
			age=n;
		}
};*/
/*class dog:protected Animal{
	public:
		void SetAge(int n){
			age=n;
		}
};*/
class dog :public Animal {
public:
	void SetAge(int n) {
		age = n;
	}
};
int main() {
	dog d;
	d.SetAge(5);
	return 0;
}

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//实验6.2 定义一个基类BaseClass，有整型成员变量Number，构造其派生类DerivedClass，观察构造函数和析构函数的执行情况。 
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class BaseClass {
	int Number;
public:
	BaseClass(int a) {
		Number = a;
		cout << "调用基类构造函数" << endl;
	}
	~BaseClass() {
		cout << "调用基类析构函数" << endl;
	}
};
class DerivedClass :public BaseClass {
public:
	DerivedClass(int a, int b, int c) :BaseClass(a), var(b) {
		var0 = c;
		cout << "调用派生类构造函数" << endl;
	}
	~DerivedClass() {
		cout << "调用派生类的析构函数" << endl;
	}
private:
	int var, var0;
};
int main() {
	DerivedClass d(4, 5, 6);
	return 0;
}

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/*实验6.3 定义一个车（vehicle）基类，具有MaxSpeed、Weight等成员变量，Run、Stop等成员函数，
由此派生出自行车（bicycle）类、汽车（motorcar）类。自行车（bicycle）类有高度（Height）等属性，
汽车（motorcar）类有座位数（SeatNum）等属性。从bicycle和motorcar派生出摩托车（motorcycle）类，
在继承过程中，注意把vehicle设置为虚基类。如果不把vehicle设置为虚基类，会有什么问题？编程试试看。*/
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class vehicle {
	double MaxSpeed;
	double Weight;
public:
	vehicle(double m, double w) {
		MaxSpeed = m;
		Weight = w;
		cout << "调用vehicle构造函数" << endl;
	}
	void Run() {
		cout << "vehicle run" << endl;
	}
	void stop() {
		cout << "vehicle stop" << endl;
	}
};
class bicycle :virtual public vehicle {             //若不用虚基类，会报错：对Run stop venicle等访问不明确
	double Height;
public:
	bicycle(double m, double w,double h) :vehicle(m, w),Height(h) {
		cout << "调用bicycle构造函数" << endl;
	}
};
class motorcar :virtual public vehicle {
	int SeatNum;
public:
	motorcar(double m, double w,int s) :vehicle(m, w) ,SeatNum(s){
		cout << "调用motorcar构造函数" << endl;
	}
};
class motorcycle :public bicycle, public motorcar {
public:
	motorcycle(double m, double w,double h,int s) :vehicle(m, w), bicycle(m, w,h), motorcar(m, w,s) {
		cout << "调用motorcycle构造函数" << endl;
	}
};
int main() {
	motorcycle qq(70.5, 500.9,546.3,8);
	qq.Run();
	qq.stop();
	return 0;
}

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/*实验6.4（选做）从实验6中的people（人员）类派生出student（学生）类，添加属性：班号char classNO[7]；
从people类派生出teacher（教师）类，添加属性：职务char principalship[11]、部门char department[21]。
从student类中派生出graduate（研究生）类，添加属性：专业char subject[21]、导师teacher adviser；
从graduate类和teacher类派生出TA（助教生）类，注意虚基类的使用。重载相应的成员函数，测试这些类。
类之间的关系如下图（在实验要求里）所示：*/
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class date {
	int year;
	int month;
	int day;
public:
	date() {
	}
	~date() {
	}
	date(date& d);
	void setdate() {
		cout << "依次输入年月日" << endl;
		cin >> year >> month >> day;
	}
	void showdate() {
		cout << year << "年" << month << "月" << day << "日" << endl;
	}
};
date::date(date& d) {
	year = d.year;
	month = d.month;
	day = d.day;
}
class people {
public:
	people() {
	}
	~people() {
	}
	people(people& p);
	void setpeople() {
		cout << "依次输入姓名编号性别（男1女2）身份证号" << endl;
		cin >> name >> number >> sex >> id;
		birthday.setdate();   
	}
	void showpeople() {
		cout << "姓名    ：" << name << endl << "编号    ：" << number << endl << "身份证号：" << id << endl;
		cout << "性别    ：" << (sex == 1 ? "男" : "女") << endl;
		cout << "出生日期：";
		birthday.showdate();
	}
private:
	string name;           //name定义为string类型，若定义为char类型，输出时只输出第一个字母
	long long int number;
	int sex;
	date birthday;
	long long int id;
};
people::people(people& p) {
	name = p.name;
	number = p.number;
	sex = p.sex;
	birthday = p.birthday;
	id = p.id;
}
class student :virtual public people {
public:
	student() {
	}
	~student() {
	}
	student(student& s);
	void setstudent() {
		cout << "输入班级编号:  ";
		cin >> classNO;                     //其实字符型数组输入应该用循环，但是本程序这样操作没有了长度限制，为什么？
		setpeople();
	}
	void showstudent() {
		cout << "班级编号：" << classNO << endl;
		showpeople();
	}
private:
	char classNO[7];
};
student::student(student& s) {
	//	classNO = s.classNO;     //这样做会报错，下边的也是
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
		classNO[i] = s.classNO[i];
	}
}
class teacher :virtual public people {
public:
	teacher() {
	}
	~teacher() {
	}
	teacher(teacher& t);
	void setteacher() {
		setpeople();
		cout << "输入职务";
		cin >> principalship;
		cout << "输入部门";
		cin >> department;
		cout << endl;
	}
	void setteacher1() {
		cout << "输入职务";
		cin >> principalship;
		cout << "输入部门";
		cin >> department;
		cout << endl;
	}
	void showteacher() {
		showpeople();
		cout << "职务：" << principalship << endl << "部门：" << department << endl;
	}
	void showteacher1() {
		cout << "职务：" << principalship << endl << "部门：" << department << endl;
	}
private:
	char principalship[11];
	char department[21];
};
teacher::teacher(teacher& t) {
	//	principalship = t.principalship;
	//	department = t.department;
	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
		principalship[i] = t.principalship[i];
	}
	for (j = 0; j < 21; j++) {
		department[i] = t.department[i];
	}
}
class graduate :public student {
	char subject[21];
	teacher adviser;
public:
	graduate() {
	}
	~graduate() {
	}
	graduate(graduate& g);
	void setgraduate() {
		setstudent();
		cout << "输入专业";
		cin >> subject;
		adviser.setteacher1();
	}
	void showgraduate() {
		showstudent();
		cout << "专业：" << subject << endl;
		adviser.showteacher1();
	}
};
graduate::graduate(graduate& g) {
	//	subject = g.subject;
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < 21; i++) {
		subject[i] = g.subject[i];
	}
	adviser = g.adviser;
}
class TA :public graduate, public teacher {
public:
	TA() {
	}
	~TA() {
	}
	TA(TA& ta);
	void setTA() {
		setgraduate();
	}
	void showTA() {
		showgraduate();
	}
};
int main() {
	TA a;
	cout << "添加助教：n";
	a.setTA();
	a.showTA();
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
	teacher b;
	cout << "添加教师：n";
	b.setpeople();
	b.showpeople();
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
	student c;
	cout << "添加学生：n";
	c.setstudent();
	c.showstudent();
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
	graduate d;
	cout << "添加研究生：" << endl;
	d.setgraduate();
	d.showgraduate();
	return 0;
}