Python3学习23--常用第三方模块

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我是靠谱客的博主哭泣小虾米，这篇文章主要介绍Python3学习23--常用第三方模块，现在分享给大家，希望可以做个参考。

本系列博文基于廖雪峰老师的官网Python教程，笔者在大学期间已经阅读过廖老师的Python教程，教程相当不错，官网链接：廖雪峰官方网站.请需要系统学习Python的小伙伴到廖老师官网学习，笔者的编程环境是Anaconda+Pycharm，Python版本：Python3.

1.Pillow

# PIL：Python Imaging Library，图像处理库
# 1.操作图像
from PIL import Image

img = Image.open("J20.jpg")    # 打开图像文件
width, height = img.size    # 获取图像尺寸
print("Original image size：%s x %s" % (width, height))

img.thumbnail((width // 2, height // 2))  # 缩放到50%
print("Resize image to：%s x %s" % (width // 2, height // 2))

img.save("willard.jpg", "jpeg")  # 以jpeg格式保存

# 结果输出：
# Original image size：2116 x 2448
# Resize image to：1058 x 1224

# 模糊效果
from PIL import Image, ImageFilter

# 打开图片
img1 = Image.open("J20.jpg")
img2 = img1.filter(ImageFilter.BLUR)
img2.save("blur.jpg", "jpeg")

# 生成字母验证码图片
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter
import random

# 随机字母
def rndChar():
    return chr(random.randint(80, 90))

# 随机颜色1
def rndColor1():
    return (random.randint(64, 255), random.randint(64, 255), random.randint(64, 255))

# 随机颜色2
def rndColor2():
    return (random.randint(32, 127), random.randint(32, 127), random.randint(32, 127))

width = 60 * 4
height = 60

image = Image.new("RGB", (width, height), (255, 255, 255))
font = ImageFont.truetype("arial.ttf", 36)  # 创建Font对象
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)

# 填充每个像素
for x in range(width):
    for y in range(height):
        draw.point((x, y), fill = rndColor1())
        
# 输出文字
for t in range(4):
    draw.text((60 * t + 10, 10), rndChar(), font = font, fill = rndColor2())
    
# 模糊
image = image.filter(ImageFilter.BLUR)
image.save("code.jpg", "jpeg")

2.requests

# 使用requests
# 通过GET访问一个页面
import requests

request_get = requests.get("http://www.fsghzn.com/")
print("status_code:", request_get.status_code)
#print("text：", request_get.text)

# 结果输出：
# status_code: 200

# 带参数的URL
import requests

request_get = requests.get("http://www.fsghzn.com/", params = {"q" : "AGV", "cat": "1001"})
print("request_get.url：", request_get.url)
print("encoding：", request_get.encoding)
#print("获得bytes对象：", request_get.content)

# 结果输出：
# request_get.url： http://www.fsghzn.com/?q=AGV&cat=1001
# encoding： ISO-8859-1

3.chardet

# chardet：检测编码
import chardet

# encoding：编码方式为ascii；
# confidence：检测的概率，1.0
en_str = b"Welcome to FUXI Technology."
cn_str = "欢迎来到伏羲科技".encode("gbk")

print("en_str编码：n", chardet.detect(en_str))
print("---------------------------------------------------------")
print("cn_str编码：n", chardet.detect(cn_str))

# 结果输出：
en_str编码：
 {'encoding': 'ascii', 'confidence': 1.0, 'language': ''}
---------------------------------------------------------
cn_str编码：
 {'encoding': 'GB2312', 'confidence': 0.99, 'language': 'Chinese'}

4.psutil

# psutil：process and system utilities
# psutil：系统监控

import psutil

# 1.获取CPU信息
print("CPU逻辑数量：", psutil.cpu_count())
print("CPU物理核心：", psutil.cpu_count(logical = False))
print("统计CPU的用户、系统、空闲时间:")
print(psutil.cpu_times())
print("---------------------------------------------------------")

print("监控CPU是使用率：")
for x in range(5):
    print(psutil.cpu_percent(interval = 1, percpu = True))

# 结果输出：
CPU逻辑数量： 16
CPU物理核心： 8
统计CPU的用户、系统、空闲时间:
scputimes(user=25779.796875, system=19071.703124998137, idle=14269224.484375, interrupt=2578.703125, dpc=717.9375)
---------------------------------------------------------
监控CPU是使用率：
[0.0, 0.0, 1.6, 1.6, 3.2, 1.6, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.6, 0.0, 0.0, 1.6, 0.0, 3.1, 0.0]
[4.6, 3.1, 6.2, 3.1, 3.1, 4.7, 1.6, 0.0, 6.2, 1.6, 3.1, 0.0, 1.5, 0.0, 1.6, 0.0]
[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.6, 3.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.6, 4.6, 4.8, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.6, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.5, 0.0, 1.5, 1.5, 0.0, 1.5, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]

# 2.获取内存信息
import psutil

print("获取物理内存：")
print(psutil.virtual_memory())
print("------------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取交换内存信息：")
print(psutil.swap_memory())

# 结果输出：
获取物理内存：
svmem(total=16904769536, available=11956195328, percent=29.3, used=4948574208, free=11956195328)
------------------------------------------------------------------
获取交换内存信息：
sswap(total=19991777280, used=6579138560, free=13412638720, percent=32.9, sin=0, sout=0)

# 3.获取磁盘信息
import psutil

print("获取磁盘分区信息：")
print(psutil.disk_partitions())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取磁盘使用情况：")
print(psutil.disk_usage("/"))
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取磁盘IO信息：")
print(psutil.disk_io_counters())

# 结果输出：
获取磁盘分区信息：
[sdiskpart(device='C:\', mountpoint='C:\', fstype='NTFS', opts='rw,fixed'), sdiskpart(device='D:\', mountpoint='D:\', fstype='NTFS', opts='rw,fixed'), sdiskpart(device='E:\', mountpoint='E:\', fstype='NTFS', opts='rw,fixed'), sdiskpart(device='F:\', mountpoint='F:\', fstype='NTFS', opts='rw,fixed')]
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取磁盘使用情况：
sdiskusage(total=297428578304, used=54766501888, free=242662076416, percent=18.4)
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取磁盘IO信息：
sdiskio(read_count=235029, write_count=1395100, read_bytes=7817571328, write_bytes=25201313792, read_time=147, write_time=791)

# 4.获取网络信息
import psutil

print("获取网络读写字节/包的个数：")
print(psutil.net_io_counters())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取网络接口信息：")
print(psutil.net_if_addrs())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取网络接口状态：")
print(psutil.net_if_stats())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取当前网络连接信息：")
print(psutil.net_connections())

# 5.获取进程信息
import psutil

print("获取所有进程ID：")
#print(psutil.pids())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取指定进程ID:")
print(psutil.Process(480))
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

process = psutil.Process(480)
print("获取进程名称：")
print(process.name)
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取进程exe路径：")
print(process.exe())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取进程工作目录：")
print(process.cwd())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取进程启动的命令行：")
print(process.cmdline())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取父进程ID：")
print(process.ppid())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取父进程：")
print(process.parent())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取子进程列表：")
print(process.children())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取进程状态：")
print(process.status())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取进程用户名：")
print(process.username())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取进程创建时间：")
print(process.create_time())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

# print("获取进程终端：")
# print(process.terminal())
# print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取进程使用的CPU时间：")
print(process.cpu_times())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取进程使用的内存：")
print(process.memory_info())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取进程打开的文件：")
print(process.open_files())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取进程相关网络连接：")
print(process.connections())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("获取进程的线程数量：")
print(process.threads())
print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

# print("获取进程环境变量：")
# print(process.environ())
# print("----------------------------------------------------------------")

print("结束进程：")
#print(process.terminate())

# 结果输出：
获取所有进程ID：
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取指定进程ID:
psutil.Process(pid=480, name='QQProtect.exe', started='2022-03-08 18:14:42')
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取进程名称：
<bound method Process.name of psutil.Process(pid=480, name='QQProtect.exe', started='2022-03-08 18:14:42')>
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取进程exe路径：
C:Program Files (x86)Common FilesTencentQQProtectBinQQProtect.exe
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取进程工作目录：
C:Windowssystem32
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取进程启动的命令行：
['C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Tencent\QQProtect\Bin\QQProtect.exe']
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取父进程ID：
984
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取父进程：
psutil.Process(pid=984, name='services.exe', started='2022-03-06 16:44:24')
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取子进程列表：
[]
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取进程状态：
running
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取进程用户名：
NT AUTHORITYSYSTEM
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取进程创建时间：
1646734482.0
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取进程使用的CPU时间：
pcputimes(user=4.40625, system=6.84375, children_user=0.0, children_system=0.0)
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取进程使用的内存：
pmem(rss=13848576, vms=16691200, num_page_faults=285464, peak_wset=23371776, wset=13848576, peak_paged_pool=200200, paged_pool=185432, peak_nonpaged_pool=39840, nonpaged_pool=30136, pagefile=16691200, peak_pagefile=18644992, private=16691200)
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取进程打开的文件：
[popenfile(path='C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\Microsoft.LanguageExperiencePackzh-CN_19041.38.119.0_neutral__8wekyb3d8bbwe\Windows\System32\zh-CN\avicap32.dll.mui', fd=-1), popenfile(path='C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\Microsoft.LanguageExperiencePackzh-CN_19041.38.119.0_neutral__8wekyb3d8bbwe\Windows\System32\zh-CN\msvfw32.dll.mui', fd=-1), popenfile(path='C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\Microsoft.LanguageExperiencePackzh-CN_19041.38.119.0_neutral__8wekyb3d8bbwe\Windows\System32\zh-CN\crypt32.dll.mui', fd=-1), popenfile(path='C:\Program Files\WindowsApps\Microsoft.LanguageExperiencePackzh-CN_19041.38.119.0_neutral__8wekyb3d8bbwe\Windows\System32\zh-CN\dnsapi.dll.mui', fd=-1)]
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取进程相关网络连接：
[pconn(fd=-1, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=2, laddr=addr(ip='0.0.0.0', port=60682), raddr=(), status='NONE'), pconn(fd=-1, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=2, laddr=addr(ip='0.0.0.0', port=52407), raddr=(), status='NONE')]
----------------------------------------------------------------
获取进程的线程数量：
[pthread(id=5808, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=8048, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=9352, user_time=4.0, system_time=4.71875), pthread(id=5416, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=12484, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=10804, user_time=0.03125, system_time=0.5625), pthread(id=11744, user_time=0.234375, system_time=0.234375), pthread(id=6072, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=12632, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.46875), pthread(id=12460, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=5404, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=9484, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0), pthread(id=17972, user_time=0.0, system_time=0.0)]
----------------------------------------------------------------
结束进程：

# 模拟ps命令
import psutil

print(psutil.test())

# 结果输出：
USER         PID %MEM     VSZ     RSS TTY           START    TIME  COMMAND
SYSTEM         0    ?      60       8 ?             Mar06   09:29  System Idle Process
SYSTEM         4    ?     196      32 ?             Mar06   53:41  System
SYSTEM       116  0.2   15388   28020 ?             Mar06   01:20  svchost.exe
SYSTEM       172  0.1    1324   21988 ?             Mar06   00:01  Registry
SYSTEM       480  0.1   16300   13524 ?             Mar08   00:11  QQProtect.exe
SYSTEM       560    ?    1104     620 ?             Mar06   00:00  smss.exe
SYSTEM       808    ?    2336    4432 ?             Mar06   00:10  csrss.exe
SYSTEM       912    ?    1712    4876 ?             Mar06   00:00  wininit.exe
.....