什么是AspectCore Project ?

什么是AspectCore Project ?

AspectCore Project 是适用于Asp.Net Core 平台的轻量级 Aop(Aspect-oriented programming) 解决方案，它更好的遵循Asp.Net Core的模块化开发理念，使用AspectCore可以更容易构建低耦合、易扩展的Web应用程序。AspectCore使用Emit实现高效的动态代理从而不依赖任何第三方Aop库。

开使使用AspectCore

• 启动 Visual Studio。从 File 菜单, 选择 New > Project。选择 ASP.NET Core Web Application 项目模版，创建新的 ASP.NET Core Web Application 项目。

• 从 Nuget 安装 AspectCore.Extensions.DependencyInjection package:

  复制代码PM> Install-Package AspectCore.Extensions.DependencyInjection

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  PM>   Install-Package AspectCore.Extensions.DependencyInjection

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• 在一般情况下可以使用抽象的InterceptorAttribute自定义特性类，它实现IInterceptor接口。AspectCore默认实现了基于Attribute的拦截器配置。我们的自定义拦截器看起来像下面这样:

  复制代码public class CustomInterceptorAttribute : InterceptorAttribute { public async override Task Invoke(IAspectContext context, AspectDelegate next) { try { Console.WriteLine("Before service call"); await next(context); } catch (Exception) { Console.WriteLine("Service threw an exception!"); throw; } finally { Console.WriteLine("After service call"); } } }

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  public class CustomInterceptorAttribute : InterceptorAttribute
  {
      public async override Task Invoke(IAspectContext context, AspectDelegate next)
      {
          try
          {
              Console.WriteLine("Before service call");
              await next(context);
          }
          catch (Exception)
          {
              Console.WriteLine("Service threw an exception!");
              throw;
          }
          finally
          {
              Console.WriteLine("After service call");
          }
       }
   }

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• 定义ICustomService接口和它的实现类CustomService:

  复制代码public interface ICustomService { [CustomInterceptor] void Call(); } public class CustomService : ICustomService { public void Call() { Console.WriteLine("service calling..."); } }

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  public interface ICustomService
  {
      [CustomInterceptor]
      void Call();
  }
  
  public class CustomService : ICustomService
  {
      public void Call()
      {
          Console.WriteLine("service calling...");
      }
  }

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• 在HomeController中注入ICustomService:

  复制代码public class HomeController : Controller { private readonly ICustomService _service; public HomeController(ICustomService service) { _service = service; } public IActionResult Index() { _service.Call(); return View(); } }

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  public class HomeController : Controller
  {
      private readonly ICustomService _service;
      public HomeController(ICustomService service)
      {
          _service = service;
      }
  
      public IActionResult Index()
      {
          _service.Call();
          return View();
      }
  }

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• 注册ICustomService，接着，在ConfigureServices中配置创建代理类型的容器:

  复制代码public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddTransient<ICustomService, CustomService>(); services.AddMvc(); services.AddAspectCore(); return services.BuildAspectCoreServiceProvider(); }

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  public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
  {
      services.AddTransient<ICustomService, CustomService>();
      services.AddMvc();
      services.AddAspectCore();
      return services.BuildAspectCoreServiceProvider();
  }

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• 拦截器配置。首先安装AspectCore.Extensions.Configuration package：

  复制代码PM> Install-Package AspectCore.Extensions.Configuration

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  PM> Install-Package AspectCore.Extensions.Configuration

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  全局拦截器。使用AddAspectCore(Action<AspectCoreOptions>)的重载方法，其中AspectCoreOptions提供InterceptorFactories注册全局拦截器:

  复制代码 services.AddAspectCore(config => { config.InterceptorFactories.AddTyped<CustomInterceptorAttribute>(); });

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  services.AddAspectCore(config =>
   {
        config.InterceptorFactories.AddTyped<CustomInterceptorAttribute>();
   });

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  带构造器参数的全局拦截器，在CustomInterceptorAttribute中添加带参数的构造器：

  复制代码public class CustomInterceptorAttribute : InterceptorAttribute { private readonly string _name; public CustomInterceptorAttribute(string name) { _name = name; } public async override Task Invoke(AspectContext context, AspectDelegate next) { try { Console.WriteLine("Before service call"); await next(context); } catch (Exception) { Console.WriteLine("Service threw an exception!"); throw; } finally { Console.WriteLine("After service call"); } } }

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  public class CustomInterceptorAttribute : InterceptorAttribute
  {
      private readonly string _name;
      public CustomInterceptorAttribute(string name)
      {
          _name = name;
      }
      public async override Task Invoke(AspectContext context, AspectDelegate next)
      {
          try
          {
              Console.WriteLine("Before service call");
              await next(context);
          }
          catch (Exception)
          {
              Console.WriteLine("Service threw an exception!");
              throw;
          }
          finally
          {
              Console.WriteLine("After service call");
          }
      }
  }

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  修改全局拦截器注册:

  复制代码services.AddAspectCore(config => { config.InterceptorFactories.AddTyped<CustomInterceptorAttribute>(args: new object[] { "custom" }); });

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  services.AddAspectCore(config =>
  {
       config.InterceptorFactories.AddTyped<CustomInterceptorAttribute>(args: new object[] { "custom" });
  });

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  作为服务的全局拦截器。在ConfigureServices中添加：

  复制代码services.AddTransient<CustomInterceptorAttribute>(provider => new CustomInterceptorAttribute("service"));

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  services.AddTransient<CustomInterceptorAttribute>(provider => new CustomInterceptorAttribute("service"));

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  修改全局拦截器注册:

  复制代码services.AddAspectCore(config => { config.InterceptorFactories.AddServiced<CustomInterceptorAttribute>(); });

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  services.AddAspectCore(config =>
  {
      config.InterceptorFactories.AddServiced<CustomInterceptorAttribute>();
  });

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  作用于特定Service或Method的全局拦截器，下面的代码演示了作用于带有Service后缀的类的全局拦截器：

  复制代码services.AddAspectCore(config => { config.InterceptorFactories.AddTyped<CustomInterceptorAttribute>(method => method.DeclaringType.Name.EndsWith("Service")); });

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  services.AddAspectCore(config =>
  {
      config.InterceptorFactories.AddTyped<CustomInterceptorAttribute>(method => method.DeclaringType.Name.EndsWith("Service"));
  });

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  使用通配符的特定全局拦截器：

  复制代码services.AddAspectCore(config => { config.InterceptorFactories.AddTyped<CustomInterceptorAttribute>(PredicateFactory.ForService("*Service")); });

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  services.AddAspectCore(config =>
  {
      config.InterceptorFactories.AddTyped<CustomInterceptorAttribute>(PredicateFactory.ForService("*Service"));
  });

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• 在AspectCore中提供NonAspectAttribute来使得Service或Method不被代理：

  复制代码[NonAspect] public interface ICustomService { void Call(); }

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  [NonAspect]
  public interface ICustomService
  {
      void Call();
  }

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  同时支持全局忽略配置，亦支持通配符：

  复制代码 services.AddAspectCore(config => { //App1命名空间下的Service不会被代理 config.NonAspectOptions.AddNamespace("App1"); //最后一级为App1的命名空间下的Service不会被代理 config.NonAspectOptions.AddNamespace("*.App1"); //ICustomService接口不会被代理 config.NonAspectOptions.AddService("ICustomService"); //后缀为Service的接口和类不会被代理 config.NonAspectOptions.AddService("*Service"); //命名为Query的方法不会被代理 config.NonAspectOptions.AddMethod("Query"); //后缀为Query的方法不会被代理 config.NonAspectOptions.AddMethod("*Query"); });

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  services.AddAspectCore(config =>
    {
        //App1命名空间下的Service不会被代理
        config.NonAspectOptions.AddNamespace("App1");
  
        //最后一级为App1的命名空间下的Service不会被代理
        config.NonAspectOptions.AddNamespace("*.App1");
  
        //ICustomService接口不会被代理
        config.NonAspectOptions.AddService("ICustomService");
  
        //后缀为Service的接口和类不会被代理
        config.NonAspectOptions.AddService("*Service");
  
        //命名为Query的方法不会被代理
        config.NonAspectOptions.AddMethod("Query");
  
        //后缀为Query的方法不会被代理
        config.NonAspectOptions.AddMethod("*Query");
    });

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• 拦截器中的依赖注入。在拦截器中支持属性注入，构造器注入和服务定位器模式。
  属性注入，在拦截器中拥有public get and set权限的属性标记[AspectCore.Abstractions.FromServices](区别于Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.FromServices)特性，即可自动注入该属性，如：

  复制代码public class CustomInterceptorAttribute : InterceptorAttribute { [AspectCore.Abstractions.FromServices] public ILogger<CustomInterceptorAttribute> Logger { get; set; } public override Task Invoke(AspectContext context, AspectDelegate next) { Logger.LogInformation("call interceptor"); return next(context); } }

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  public class CustomInterceptorAttribute : InterceptorAttribute
  {
      [AspectCore.Abstractions.FromServices]
      public ILogger<CustomInterceptorAttribute> Logger { get; set; }
  
  
      public override Task Invoke(AspectContext context, AspectDelegate next)
      {
          Logger.LogInformation("call interceptor");
          return next(context);
      }
  }

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  构造器注入需要使拦截器作为Service，除全局拦截器外，仍可使用ServiceInterceptor使拦截器从DI中激活：

  复制代码public interface ICustomService { [ServiceInterceptor(typeof(CustomInterceptorAttribute))] void Call(); }

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  public interface ICustomService
  {
      [ServiceInterceptor(typeof(CustomInterceptorAttribute))]
      void Call();
  }

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  服务定位器模式。拦截器上下文AspectContext可以获取当前Scoped的ServiceProvider：

  复制代码public class CustomInterceptorAttribute : InterceptorAttribute { public override Task Invoke(AspectContext context, AspectDelegate next) { var logger = context.ServiceProvider.GetService<ILogger<CustomInterceptorAttribute>>(); logger.LogInformation("call interceptor"); return next(context); } }

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  public class CustomInterceptorAttribute : InterceptorAttribute
  {
      public override Task Invoke(AspectContext context, AspectDelegate next)
      {
          var logger = context.ServiceProvider.GetService<ILogger<CustomInterceptorAttribute>>();
          logger.LogInformation("call interceptor");
          return next(context);
      }
  }

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• 使用Autofac和AspectCore。AspectCore原生支持集成Autofac，我们需要安装下面两个nuget packages：

  复制代码PM> Install-Package Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection PM> Install-Package AspectCore.Extensions.Autofac

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  PM> Install-Package Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection
  PM> Install-Package AspectCore.Extensions.Autofac

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  AspectCore提供RegisterAspectCore扩展方法在Autofac的Container中注册动态代理需要的服务，并提供AsInterfacesProxy和AsClassProxy扩展方法启用interface和class的代理。修改ConfigureServices方法为：

  复制代码public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddMvc(); var container = new ContainerBuilder(); container.RegisterAspectCore(); container.Populate(services); container.RegisterType<CustomService>().As<ICustomService>().InstancePerDependency().AsInterfacesProxy(); return new AutofacServiceProvider(container.Build()); }

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  public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
  {
      services.AddMvc();
  
      var container = new ContainerBuilder();
  
      container.RegisterAspectCore();
  
      container.Populate(services);
  
      container.RegisterType<CustomService>().As<ICustomService>().InstancePerDependency().AsInterfacesProxy();
  
      return new AutofacServiceProvider(container.Build());
  }

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