文章目录
- 前言
- 代码实现
- 1.载入库并判断是否有GPU
- 2.载入数据并对数据进行处理
- 3.导入VGG模型并构建训练程序
- 4.构建测试程序
- 测试结果及改进结果
- 改进
- 再次改进
- 参与练习赛
- 1.构建用于比赛数据集的测试程序
- 2.提交结果
- 总结
前言
这个作业为参加 Kaggle 于2013年举办的猫狗大战比赛的训练赛,判断一张输入图像是“猫”还是“狗”,使用在 ImageNet 上预训练 的 VGG 网络进行测试。因为原网络的分类结果是1000类,所以这里进行迁移学习,对原网络进行 fine-tune (即固定前面若干层,作为特征提取器,只重新训练最后两层)。使用Google Colab平台实现,之后按照比赛规定的格式输出,上传结果在线评测。
代码实现
1.载入库并判断是否有GPU
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14import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import os import torch import torch.nn as nn import torchvision from torchvision import models,transforms,datasets import time import json # 判断是否存在GPU device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu") print('Using gpu: %s ' % torch.cuda.is_available())
2.载入数据并对数据进行处理
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25# 获取数据 ! wget http://fenggao-image.stor.sinaapp.com/dogscats.zip ! unzip dogscats.zip # 对图像数据归一化 normalize = transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) vgg_format = transforms.Compose([ transforms.CenterCrop(224), transforms.ToTensor(), normalize, ]) data_dir = './dogscats' # 图片文件路径 dsets = {x: datasets.ImageFolder(os.path.join(data_dir, x), vgg_format) for x in ['train', 'valid']} dset_sizes = {x: len(dsets[x]) for x in ['train', 'valid']} dset_classes = dsets['train'].classes # 数据分为训练集和有效性测试集 loader_train = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dsets['train'], batch_size=64, shuffle=True, num_workers=6) loader_valid = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dsets['valid'], batch_size=5, shuffle=False, num_workers=6)
3.导入VGG模型并构建训练程序
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65# 导入VGG模型 model_vgg = models.vgg16(pretrained=True) model_vgg_new = model_vgg; # 为了在训练中冻结前面层的参数,需要设置 required_grad=False for param in model_vgg_new.parameters(): param.requires_grad = False # 我们的目标是使用预训练好的模型,把最后的 nn.Linear 层由1000类,替换为2类 model_vgg_new.classifier._modules['6'] = nn.Linear(4096, 2) model_vgg_new.classifier._modules['7'] = torch.nn.LogSoftmax(dim = 1) model_vgg_new = model_vgg_new.to(device) # print(model_vgg_new.classifier) ''' 第一步:创建损失函数和优化器 损失函数 NLLLoss() 的 输入 是一个对数概率向量和一个目标标签. 它不会为我们计算对数概率,适合最后一层是log_softmax()的网络. ''' criterion = nn.NLLLoss() # 学习率 lr = 0.001 # 随机梯度下降 optimizer_vgg = torch.optim.SGD(model_vgg_new.classifier[6].parameters(),lr = lr) ''' 第二步:训练模型 ''' def train_model(model,dataloader,size,epochs=1,optimizer=None): model.train() for epoch in range(epochs): running_loss = 0.0 running_corrects = 0 count = 0 for inputs,classes in dataloader: inputs = inputs.to(device) classes = classes.to(device) outputs = model(inputs) loss = criterion(outputs,classes) optimizer = optimizer optimizer.zero_grad() loss.backward() optimizer.step() _,preds = torch.max(outputs.data,1) # statistics running_loss += loss.data.item() running_corrects += torch.sum(preds == classes.data) count += len(inputs) print('Training: No. ', count, ' process ... total: ', size) epoch_loss = running_loss / size epoch_acc = running_corrects.data.item() / size print('Loss: {:.4f} Acc: {:.4f}'.format( epoch_loss, epoch_acc)) torch.save(model, '/content/drive/MyDrive/Colab Notebooks/path1.pth') # 模型训练 train_model(model_vgg_new,loader_train,size=dset_sizes['train'], epochs=1, optimizer=optimizer_vgg)
4.构建测试程序
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30def test_model(model,dataloader,size): model.eval() predictions = np.zeros(size) all_classes = np.zeros(size) all_proba = np.zeros((size,2)) i = 0 running_loss = 0.0 running_corrects = 0 for inputs,classes in dataloader: inputs = inputs.to(device) classes = classes.to(device) outputs = model(inputs) loss = criterion(outputs,classes) _,preds = torch.max(outputs.data,1) # statistics running_loss += loss.data.item() running_corrects += torch.sum(preds == classes.data) predictions[i:i+len(classes)] = preds.to('cpu').numpy() all_classes[i:i+len(classes)] = classes.to('cpu').numpy() all_proba[i:i+len(classes),:] = outputs.data.to('cpu').numpy() i += len(classes) print('Testing: No. ', i, ' process ... total: ', size) epoch_loss = running_loss / size epoch_acc = running_corrects.data.item() / size print('Loss: {:.4f} Acc: {:.4f}'.format( epoch_loss, epoch_acc)) return predictions, all_proba, all_classes predictions, all_proba, all_classes = test_model(model_vgg_new,loader_valid,size=dset_sizes['valid'])
测试结果及改进结果
第一次训练
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6Training: No. 1664 process ... total: 1800 Training: No. 1728 process ... total: 1800 Training: No. 1792 process ... total: 1800 Training: No. 1800 process ... total: 1800 Loss: 0.0065 Acc: 0.8433
第一次验证
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5Testing: No. 1990 process ... total: 2000 Testing: No. 1995 process ... total: 2000 Testing: No. 2000 process ... total: 2000 Loss: 0.0487 Acc: 0.9455
可以看到预训练好的模型已经能较好的完成对猫与狗的分辨了
改进
我们对模型进行改进将优化器更改为Adam,epochs仍为1
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2optimizer_vgg = torch.optim.Adam(model_vgg_new.classifier[6].parameters(),lr = lr)
第二次训练
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6Training: No. 1664 process ... total: 1800 Training: No. 1728 process ... total: 1800 Training: No. 1792 process ... total: 1800 Training: No. 1800 process ... total: 1800 Loss: 0.0024 Acc: 0.9411
第二次验证
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6Testing: No. 1985 process ... total: 2000 Testing: No. 1990 process ... total: 2000 Testing: No. 1995 process ... total: 2000 Testing: No. 2000 process ... total: 2000 Loss: 0.0106 Acc: 0.9780
可以看出将优化器更改为Adam后,模型的分辨能力显著提升了!
再次改进
第三次改进,模型优化器仍为Adam,将epochs更改为20
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2optimizer_vgg = torch.optim.Adam(model_vgg_new.classifier[6].parameters(),lr = lr)
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3train_model(model_vgg_new,loader_train,size=dset_sizes['train'], epochs=20, optimizer=optimizer_vgg)
第三次训练
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7Training: No. 1600 process ... total: 1800 Training: No. 1664 process ... total: 1800 Training: No. 1728 process ... total: 1800 Training: No. 1792 process ... total: 1800 Training: No. 1800 process ... total: 1800 Loss: 0.0004 Acc: 0.9906
第三次验证
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6Testing: No. 1985 process ... total: 2000 Testing: No. 1990 process ... total: 2000 Testing: No. 1995 process ... total: 2000 Testing: No. 2000 process ... total: 2000 Loss: 0.0097 Acc: 0.9795
可以看到提升epochs也能使模型效果有所提升,保存此次模型为path3.pth
参与练习赛
1.构建用于比赛数据集的测试程序
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35device = torch.device("cuda:0" ) normalize = transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) vgg_format = transforms.Compose([ transforms.CenterCrop(224), transforms.ToTensor(), normalize, ]) dsets_mine = datasets.ImageFolder(r'/content/drive/MyDrive/test1', vgg_format) loader_test = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dsets_mine, batch_size=1, shuffle=False, num_workers=0) # 加载之前保存的path3.pth model_vgg_new = torch.load(r'/content/drive/MyDrive/Colab Notebooks/path3.pth') model_vgg_new = model_vgg_new.to(device) dic = {} def test2(model,dataloader,size): model.eval() predictions = np.zeros(size) cnt = 0 for inputs,_ in dataloader: inputs = inputs.to(device) outputs = model(inputs) _,preds = torch.max(outputs.data,1) #这里是切割路径,因为dset中的数据不是按1-2000顺序排列的 key = dsets_mine.imgs[cnt][0].split("\")[-1].split('.')[0] dic[key] = preds[0] cnt = cnt +1 print(cnt) # 看进度 test2(model_vgg_new,loader_test,size=2000) # 生成csv文件 with open("/content/drive/MyDrive/Colab Notebooks/result.csv",'a+') as f: for key in range(2000): f.write("{},{}n".format(key,dic["/content/drive/MyDrive/test1/test/"+str(key)]))
2.提交结果
总结
1.通过将优化器由SGD更改为Adam,并增加epochs次数,使训练出的模型分辨能力显著的增强了,本次epochs只增加到了20,继续增加应该还会有提升。
2.由于设备限制,本次使用的是精简过的训练集,如果能使用2w张图片的训练集,效果可能会更好。
3.在工程实践中,迁移学习能够使工作量大大减小,好滴很!
4.我好菜,还需要学习更多。
最后
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