codeforces 739B Alyona and a tree

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#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int ,ll >pil;
const ll inf =1e15;
const int N =2e5+5;

ll val[N];
ll dep[N];
int fa[N];
vector< pil >ve[N];
int n;
int anc[N][23];
ll dis[N][23];
int book[N];

void bfs()
{
    fa[0]=0;
    fa[1]=0;
    for(int i=0;i<=n;i++)
    {
        anc[i][0]=fa[i];
    }

    for(int j=1;(1<<j)<=n;j++)
    {
        for(int i=0;i<=n;i++)
        {
            anc[i][j]=anc[anc[i][j-1]][j-1];
        }
    }

    for(int i=0;i<=n;i++)
    {
        for(int j=0;j<=21;j++)
        {
            int ac=anc[i][j];
            dis[i][j]=dep[i]-dep[ac];
        }
    }
}

void dfs(int u,ll deep)
{
    dep[u]=deep;
    for(int i=0;i<ve[u].size();i++)
    {
        int v=ve[u][i].first;
        dfs(v,deep+ve[u][i].second);
    }
}

int ans[N];

void dfs2(int u)
{
    for(int i=0;i<ve[u].size();i++)
    {
        int v=ve[u][i].first;
        dfs2(v);
        book[u]+=book[v];
    }
    ans[u]=book[u];
}

int main()
{
    int u,v; ll w;
    scanf("%d",&n);
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        scanf("%lld",&val[i]);
    }

    for(v=2;v<=n;v++)
    {
        scanf("%d %lld",&u,&w);
        ve[u].push_back(pil(v,w));
        fa[v]=u;
    }
    ve[0].push_back(pil(1,1e15));
    dfs(0,0);
    bfs();
    /*
    printf("********n");
    for(int i=0;i<=n;i++)
    {
        for(int j=0;j<=5;j++)
        {
            printf("%d ",anc[i][j]);
        }
        printf("n");
    }
    printf("********n");
    for(int i=0;i<=n;i++)
    {
        for(int j=0;j<=21;j++)
        {
            printf("%lld ",dis[i][j]);
        }
        printf("n");
    }
    */

    for(int i=2;i<=n;i++)
    {
        ll aim=val[i];
        int j;
        u=i;
        for(j=21;j>=0;j--)
        {
            if(anc[u][j]==0||dis[u][j]>aim) continue;
            aim-=dis[u][j];
            u=anc[u][j];
        }

        int st=anc[i][0];
        int en=anc[u][0];
        book[st]++;
        book[en]--;
       // printf("**** i %d  st %d en %d n",i,st,en);
    }

    dfs2(0);

    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        printf("%d ",ans[i]);
    }

    return 0;
}

/*

9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 1
2 1
3 1
4 1
5 1
6 1
7 1
8 1

*/